شناسایی قارچ های بیماری زای ریشه و طوقه ی گوجه فرنگی در شهرستان مرودشت، استان فارس، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، مرودشت، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور تعیین عوامل پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه گوجه فرنگی در شهرستان مرودشت طی دو فصل زراعی 89-88 از
مزارع گوجه فرنگی مناطق حومه شهر مرودشت نمونه برداری به عمل آمد. قطعاتی از بین بافت های سالم و پوسیده ریشه وطوقه بعد از ضد عفونی سطحی، روی محیط های غذایی اسیدی و غیر اسیدی عصاره سیب زمینی آگار کشت گردید. از کشت نمونه ها 80 جدایه متعلق به 17 گونه جدا گردید. بر اساس آزمون های بیماری زایی، گونه های ،
 Pythium aphanidermatum، Fusarium oxysporum ، Rhizoctonia solani، Phoma betae،Phytophthora nicotiana و Macrophomina phaseolina ، توانستند روی ریشه پوسیدگی ایجاد کنند.  در این میان، قارچ  R. solaniبا 26% و  P. nicotiana با دو درصد فراوانی به ترتیب بیش ترین و کم ترین پراکندگی را نشان دادند.در آزمون اثبات بیماری زایی روی ریشه گوجه فرنگی، قارچM. phaseolina و R. solani شدیدترین بیماری زایی را نشان دادند. این اولین گزارش از وجود قارچM. phaseolina روی ریشه گوجه فرنگی از ایران وP. nicotianaاز استان فارس می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of tomato root and crown pathogenic fungi in Marvdasht region, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Sharzei 1
  • Sara Heidary 2
  • F. Raufi 2
چکیده [English]

During the years 2009-2010, a survey was conducted in Marvdasht region (Fars province), to identify the casual agents of root and crown rot in tomato plants. Symptomatic and healthy looking samples collected from different fields were surface sterilized and cultured on potato dextrose agar. Eighty isolates belonging to 17 genera were separated from infected roots. Isolates of Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora nicotiana, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma betae and Fusarium oxysporum were able to cause root rot on tomato plants in pathogenicity tests. R. solani and P. nicotiana were most (26%) and least (2%) frequently isolated species, respectively. Pathogenicity tests on tomato plants also showed that R. solani and M. phaseolina were most severe pathogens. On tomato plants, this is the first report of M. phaseolina from Iran and P. nicotiana from Fars province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • root and crown rot
  • tomato
  • Pythium aphanidermatum
  • Phytophthora nicotiana
  • Rhizoctonia solani
  • Macrophomina phaseolina
  • Phoma betae
  • Fusarium oxysporum

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