شناسایی، پراکنش و بیماری‌زایی گونه های قارچ فوزاریوم جدا شده از ریشه و طوقه ی طالبی و خربزه در استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران .

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

     به­ منظور شناسایی و ارزیابی بیماری‌زایی جدایه­های قارچ فوزاریوم‌ مرتبط با پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه­ی طالبی و خربزه طی سال­های زراعی 89-1388 از ریشه‌ها و بوته‌های دارای علائم بیماری از مزارع مختلف استان خراسان رضوی شامل شهرستان‌‌های مشهد، کاشمر، مه‌ولات، خواف، تربت جام، نیشابور، فریمان و سرخس نمونه‌برداری گردید. قطعات بافت‌های آلوده پس از ضدعفونی سطحی با هیپوکلریت سدیم 1% روی محیط  PDA کشت داده شدند. پس از خالص‌سازی جدایه‌ها، اثبات بیماری‌زایی آنها با روش فرو بردن ریشه­ی  گیاهچه‌های 12 روزه در سوسپانسیون اسپور با غلظت 106 اسپور در میلی‌لیتر انجام شد. علائم بیماری پس از گذشت 21-4 روز ظاهر و در هر مورد، جدایه­ی تلقیح شده­ی مورد نظر مجدداً جداسازی گردید. گونه‌های بیماری‌زای فوزاریوم شناسایی شده شامل  F. solani، F. oxysporum، F. equiseti و
F. acuminatum بودند که گونه­ی اولی به­عنوان گونه­ی غالب بوده و از بیش‌ترین فراوانی برخوردار بود. در این تحقیق، قارچ‌های F. equisetiو F. acuminatumبیش‌تر از گیاهان بالغ جداسازی شدند، در حالیکهقارچ‌های F. solani و
F. oxysporum از تمام مراحل رویشی گیاهان از گیاهچه تا میوه‌دهی قابل جداسازی بوده و در سراسر استان پراکنش وسیعی داشته و چندان تحت تأثیر شرایط آب و هوایی نیستند. چهار گونه­ی فوق باعث پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه در طالبی و خربزه شدند و پژمردگی و خشکیدگی این گیاهان را به­دنبال داشتند که مسأله‌ای بسیار مهم در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification, distribution and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from root and crown of cantaloupe and melon in Khorasan Razavi province

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Teimouri 1
  • K. Rahnama 2
  • M. Hajian Shahri 3
  • H. Afzali 3
چکیده [English]

In order to identify and evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with root and crown rot of contalupe and melon, several fields in different regions of Khorasan including Mashhad, Kashmar, Mahvelat, Khaff, Torbat Jam, Fariman, Neyshabour and Sarakhs were sampled during 2009-2010 growing season. After disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (1%), pieces of infected tissues were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Grown fungal isolates were then purified and were identified based on their morphological characteristics as different Fusarium species. To test pathogenicity of Fusarium isolates, 12-day-old cantaloupe seedlings grown in the green house were inoculated with fungal spore suspension (106/ ml) by root dip inoculation method. The disease symptoms appeared after 4- 21 days. To fulfill Koch’s (pathogenicity) postulates, disease causal agents were re-isolated from the symptomatic plants. The pathogenic isolates were identified as F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. equiseti of which the first species was dominant. The results also showed that F. equiseti and F. acuminatum were mostly isolated from mature plants while F. solani and F. oxysporum were present in all growth stages of plants (seedling up to fruit stages). Results of distribution studies showed that these species were widely spread throughout the province and apparently their distribution is not affected by weather conditions. According to our findings, the above-mentioned Fusarium species seem to be the causal agents of root and crown rot of cantaloupe and melon and consequent wilting and vine decline which is an important disease in arid and semiarid areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fusarium
  • Cantaloupe and melon
  • Crown and root rot
  • Khorasan Razavi

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