بازدارندگی اسانس و عصاره اتانولی پونه‌آبی (Mentha aquatica) بر چند گونه قارچ بیماری‌زای گیاهی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• فاطمه نخعی

استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده

اخیراً به دلیل بروز مقاومت در عوامل بیماری­زا به آفتکش­های شیمیایی، استفاده از اسانس­ و عصاره­های گیاهی برای مبارزه با آلودگی­های قارچی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردارشده است. اسانس­ها مواد ضد قارچی جدیدی هستند که تجدید شونده و سازگار با محیط زیست می­باشند. در این تحقیق اسانس گیاه پونه­آبی به روش تقطیر با بخار و عصاره قسمت­های هوایی گیاه با حلال اتانول استخراج گردید واثر بازدارندگی غلظت­های 0، 100، 200 و 300 پی­پی­ام در ظروف پتری 9 سانتی­متری، به روش­های تدخینی و تماسی در مورد اسانس و روش انتشار عصاره در محیط کشت، بر رشد قارچ­های Botrytis cinerea، Fusarium oxysporum، Rhizoctonia solani و Phytophthora capsiciبه­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بررسی گردید. قارچ­ها حساسیت متفاوتی به اسانس و عصاره پونه آبی نشان دادند. هیچکدام از غلظت­های اسانس و عصاره پونه­آبی اثر بازدارنده معنی­داری بر رشد F. oxysporumنداشتند اما همه غلظت­های اسانس و عصاره پونه­آبی بطور معنی­داری درصد بازدارندگی رشد قارچ­های R. solani ، B. cinerea و P. capsici را افزایش دادند و با افزایش غلظت درصد بازدارندگی افزایش معنی­دار یافت. بیشترین درصد بازدارندگی مربوط به غلظت­های 200 و 300 پی­پی­ام در قارچ R. solani (06/91% و 77/97% به ترتیب) و غلظت 300 پی­پی­ام در قارچ P. capsici (89/91%) بود. پس اسانس و عصاره پونه­آبی می­تواند بعنوان قارچ­کش طبیعی جهت کنترل قارچ­ها­ی بیماری­زا مورد توجه باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• انتشار در محیط کشت
• تدخینی
• تقطیر با بخار

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Inhibitory effectof essential oils and ethanol extractsof watermint (Mentha aquatica) against some plant pathogenic fungi in laboratory condition

نویسنده [English]

• Fatemeh Nakhaei

چکیده [English]

In recent years studies on the use of plant essential oils and extracts against pathogenic fungi have attracted much attention because of rising resistance against a large number of chemical pesticides. Essential oils are antifungal materials which are renewable and compatible with environment. In this study, essential oil and ethanol extracts of watermint (Mentha aquatica) were obtained from aerial parts using distillation and ethanol solvent methods, respectively. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm / 9 cm Petri dish) of watermint essential oilswith fumigation and contact methods and their extracts on mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici were investigated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. Fungi showed different sensitivity to watermint essential oils and extract. None of watermint concentrations of essential oils and extract had any inhibitory effect on growth of F. oxysporum but all concentrations inhibited the growth of B. cinerea, R. solani and P. capsici significantly. Increase in concentration enhanced the inhibitory effect significantly. The highest percentage of inhibition was related to concentrations 200 ppm and 300 ppm in R. solani (%91.06 and %97.77 respectively) and also concentration 300 ppm in P. capsici (%91.89). Therefore, watermint essential oils and extract can be considered as natural fungicide for control of pathogenic fungi.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Disk diffusion
• fumigation
• water distillation

مراجع

1. Agarwal V, Lal P and Pruthi V. 2008. Prevention of Candida albicans biofilm by plant oils. Mycopathologia 165: 13–19.
2. Aqil F, Beng A and Ahmad I. 2000. In vitro toxicity of plant essential oils against soil fungi. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 23: 177–181.
3. Al Yousef SA. 2013. Antifungal activity of volatiles from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita) oils against some respiratory pathogenic species of Aspergillus. International Journal of Current Microbiology Applied Sciences 2: 261–272.
4. Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D and Idaomar M. 2008. Biological effects of essential oil-A review. Food Chemistry Toxicology 46: 446–475.
5. Debillerbeck VG, Roques CG, Bessiere JM, Fonvieille JL and Dargent R. 2001. Effects of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) W. Watson essential oil on the growth and morphogensis of Aspergillus niger.Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47: 9–17.
6. Ferdes M and Ungureanu C. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against four food–borne fungal strains. UPB Scientific Bulletin Series B 74: 87–98.
7. Helal GA, Sarhan MM, Abushahla AN and Abou El-Khair EK. 2006. Effects of Cymbopogon citrates L. essential oil on the growth, lipid content and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger ML2-strain. Journal Basic Microbiology 46: 456–469.
8. Jakowienko P and Wojcik-stopcynska B. 2010. Influence of essential oils from different varities of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on growth of some filamentous fungi. Herla Nolohica 56: 60–70.
9. Kalemba D and Kunicka A. 2003. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry 10: 813–829.
10. Krauze-Baranowska M ,Mardarowicz M, Wiwart M, Poblocka L and Dynowska M. 2002. Antifungal activity of the essential oils from some species of the Genus Pinus. Zeitschrift Naturforsch 57: 478–482.
11. Marrin M, Koko V, Duletic-Lausevic S, Marin Pd, Rancic D and Dajic-Stevanovi C. 2007. Glandular trichomes on the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis: morphology, sterology and histochemistry. South Arican Journal of Botany 72: 378–382.
12. Miciene R, Ragazinskiene O and Bakutis B. 2011. Antimicrobial activity of Mentha arvensis L. and Zingiber officinal essential oils. Biologija 57: 92–97.
13. Moghtader, M. 2013. In vitro antifungal effects of the essential oil of Mentha piperita L. and its comparison with synthetic menthol on Aspergillus niger. African Journal of Plant Science 7: 521–527.
14. Pawar VC and Thaker VS. 2006. In vitro efficacy of 75 essential oils against Aspergillus niger. Mycoses 49: 316–323.
15. Reichling J, Schnitzler P, Suschke U and Saller R. 2009. Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties- an overview. Forch Komplementmed 16: 79–90.
16. Samber N, Varma A and Mansoor N. 2014. Evalution of Mentha piperita essential oil and its major constituents for antifungal activity in Candida spp. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 3: 9404–9411.
17. Saharkhiz MJ, Motamedi M, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Miri R and Hemyari K. 2012. Chemical composition, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of Mentha piperita L. International Scholarly Research Notices Pharmaceutics, Article ID 718645, 6 pages.
18. Shakarami J, Bazgir E and Feizian M. 2006. Inhibition effects of five plant species essential oils on the in vitro mycelial growth of four plant pathogenic fungi. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural esources, Water and Soil Science 10: 497–504.
19. Sharma N and Tripathi A. 2008. Effects of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck epicarp essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger (L.) Van Tieghem. Microbiology Research 163: 337–344.
20. Singh Yadav R, Kumar S and Dikshit A. 2006. Antifungal properties of essential oil of Mentha spicata L. var. MSS-5. Indian Journal Crop Science 1: 197–200.
21. Sokovic M, Vukojevic J, Marin P, Brkic D, Vais V and Griensven, L. 2009. Chemical composition of essential oil of Thymus and Mentha Species and their antifungal activity. Molecules 14: 238–249.
22. Soylu EM, Soylu S and Kurt S. 2006. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia 161: 119–128.
23. Teymoori S and Rahnama K. 2012. Evaluation of antifungal effect of some essential oils on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causal agent of white stem rot of rapeseed. Research in plant pathology1: 23–30.
24. Tripathi P, Dubey NK and Shukla AK. 2007. Pharmacological evalution of some fungitoxic essential oils. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines 2: 239–243.
25. Tripathi P and Dubay NK. 2004. Exploitation of natural products as an alternative sterategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables review. Postharvest Biology and Technology 32: 235–245.
26. Tripathi P, Dubey NK and Shukla AK. 2008. Use of some essential oils as post harvest  botanical fungicidesin the management of grey mould of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 39–46.
27. Trombetta D, Castelli F and Sarpietro G. 2005. Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49: 2474–2478.
28. Ultee M, Bennik J and Moezelar R. 2002. The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68: 1561–1568.
29. Van vuuren S, Suliman S and Viljoen AM. 2009. The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials. Letters in Applied Microbiology 48: 440–446.
30. Vesaltalab Z and Gholami M. 2010. The effect of clove buds and rosemary extracts and essences on control of Botrytis cinereagrowth. Plant Production Technology11: 2–11.
31. Yigit D and Yigit Nand Ozgen U. 2009. An investigation on the anticandidal activity of some traditional medicinal plants in Turkey. Mycoses 52: 135–140.