بازدارندگی عصاره آبی چویل و آویشن شیرازی بر نماتد ریشه‌گرهی Meloidogyne javanica در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و برخی ترکیبات موجود در آنها

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

نماتد ریشه‌گرهی یکی از مهم‌ترین نماتدهای مهم انگل گیاهی است که خسارت بسیاری به محصولات کشاورزی، بویژه جالیز وارد می‌سازد. با توجه به این که امروزه استفاده از مواد طبیعی برای کنترل آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی در اولویت قرار گرفته است، این پژوهش بمنظور بررسی اثر بازدارندگی عصاره آبی گیاهان چویل، Ferulago angulata و آویشن شیرازی، Zataria multiflora بر نماتد مولد گره ریشه، Meloidogyne javanica در گوجه­فرنگی انجام گرفت. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب کاملاً تصادفی با 3 فاکتور (1- نوع عصاره در 2 سطح چویل و آویشن شیرازی در مقایسه با شاهد آب مقطر، 2- غلظت عصاره در 3 سطح با نسبت­های 04/0، 2/0 و 4/0 درصد، 3- اندام عصاره­گیری در 3 سطح گل، برگ و ساقه) و در 4 تکرار برای هر تیمار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که عصاره هر دو گیاه باعث افزایش چشمگیر درصد مرگ و میر لاروهای سن دوم و کاهش تفریخ تخم نماتد می‌شود که عصاره 4/0% گل و عصاره‌های 2/0% و 4/0% برگ چویل با ایجاد بیش از 90% مرگ و میر در لارو سن 2 بر عصاره 4/0 درصدی برگ آویشن شیرازی که 72% مرگ و میر را سبب شده است، برتری نشان می‌دهد. در حالی که در تیمار شاهد مقدار مرگ و میر 33/4% برآورد گردید، عصاره 4/0% گل چویل با 33/97% مرگ و میر لارو سن 2 بر عصاره‌ 4/0% ساقه این گیاه که 67/61% مرگ و میر را سبب می‌شود، برتری دارد. عصاره هر دو گیاه موجب کاهش 69 تا 91 درصدی تفریخ تخم می‌شوند که در این بین تیمار عصاره 4/0% گل چویل با 11/90% جلوگیری از تفریخ تخم، نسبت به همه تیمارها موثرتر بود. نتایج تجزیه شیمیایی، وجود فلاونوئید و تانن را در اندام‌های گیاهان مورد بررسی را ثابت نمود. تنها اندام فاقد استروئید ساقه چویل بود و ساپونین در هیچیک از اندام‌های گیاهی مورد آزمایش یافت نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

In vitro inhibition of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica by ueous extract of Zataria multiflora and Ferulago angulata and some of their compounds

نویسندگان [English]

  • N Ghazalbash 1
  • M Abdollahi 2
چکیده [English]

Root knot nematodes are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes that
damage many crops, particularly vegetables. Increasing use of pesticides has caused
environmental concern and the use of eco-friendly natural substances to control pests and
plant diseases has become a priority. Nematicidal effects of the water extracts of different
parts of two medicinal plants, namely Ferulago angulata and Zataria multiflora on root knot
nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, were determined under laboratory condition.
Concentrations of extract from plant parts were 0.04%, 0.2% and 0.4% (w/w) of leaves, stem
and flower and distilled water was used as control. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. All
plant parts and concentrations from both tested plants, significantly (P>0.01) increased the
larval mortality and decreased the egg hatching of M. javanica, in comparison with controls.
In case of larval mortality, the best treatments were flower extract of F. angulata (0.4%) and
leaf extract of F. angulata (0.2% and 0.4%) which caused more than 90% mortality in J2s, as
compared to leaf extract of Z. multiflora (0.4%) with 72% larval mortality. Although the
larval mortality in control was 4.33%, flower extract of F. angulata at the rate of 0.4% killed
97.33% of J2s. At the same rate, mortality of larva was 61.67%, when stem extract of Z.
multiflora was applied. Aqueous extract of the both tested plant materials 69-91% inhibited
the egg hatching. Flower extract of F. angulata (0.4%) was the best treatment with 90.11%
inhibition in egg hatch. Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts revealed the presence of
flavonoid and tannin. Only stem extract of F. angulata had no steroid and there was no
saponin in any of the tested plant extracts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-nematicide
  • botanicals
  • Ferulago angulata
  • inhibitory effect
  • Meloidogyne javanica
  • Plant extract
  • Root knot nematode
  • Zataria multiflora

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