توانائی تولید افلاتوکسین‌های B1، B2، G1 و G2 در تعدادی از گونه های قارچ آسپرژیلوس به روش کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارائی بالا (HPLC)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری رشته شیمی تجزیه دانشگاه مازندران، ساری، ایران

چکیده

افلاتوکسین ها متابولیت‌های ثانویه شدیداً سمی گونه های به خصوصی از قارچ آسپرژیلوس هستند که به دنبال رشد روی طیف وسیعی از محصولات کشاورزی و غذائی تولید می شوند. در این بررسی به ارزیابی تولید افلاتوکسین های B1، B2، G1 و G2 در چند گونه قارچ Asprgillus شامل: A. terreus،A. ustus، A. candidus، A. carneus، A. ostianus، A. auricomus، A. niveus، A. niger، A. fumigatus، A. parasiticus، A. caespitosus،A. awamori و A. sclerotiorum در محیط کشتی مناسب و ساده (سیب زمینی دکستروز براث PDB) و به روش کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارائی بالا (HPLC) پرداخته شده است. قارچ های یاد شده پس از جداسازی و خالص سازی مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند و در 50 میلی لیتر محیط PDB مایه زنی شدند. قارچهای مایه زنی شده در شرایط مشابه محیط طبیعی رشد قارچ در دمای 26 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت 80% و تاریکی به مدت22 روز نگهداری و سپس افلاتوکسین های حاصل از آن‌ها استخراج شد. ترشحات قارچی نمونه ها توسط 10 میلی لیتر کلروفرم از عصاره فیلتر شده محیط غذائی استخراج و پس از تبخیر حلال، رسوب حاصله در 3 میلی لیتر متانول حل و فیلتر شده و به دستگاه HPLC تزریق گردید. نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد از میان 13 گونه قارچ آسپرژیلوس، گونه A. parasiticus بیشترین میزان افلاتوکسین کل را تولید نمود. افلاتوکسین G1 در گونه‌های A. terreus، A. fumigatus،  A. carneus، A. niveus، A. parasiticus، A. caespitosus، A. ostianus و A. niger تولید نشد و افلاتوکسین G2 در گونه‌های A. niveus، A. ostianus، A. niger وA. sclerotiorumو افلاتوکسین B2 در گونه‌های A. carneus و A. sclerotiorum و افلاتوکسین B1 در گونه A. ostianusتولید نشدند. در گونه A. parasiticus میزان تولید افلاتوکسین B1 بیشترین و افلاتوکسین  G1 کمترین مقدار در بین چهار نوع افلاتوکسین مورد آزمایش بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the production of B1, B2, G1 & G2 aflatoxins in some species of Aspergillus with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Asgharnezhad 1
  • S. Mahdian 2
  • B. Amiri Besheli 2
  • S. Jafar Nazari 3
چکیده [English]

Aflatoxins are very toxic secondary metabolites of some, Aspergilluss sp. that are produced when these fungi grow on different agricultural products under special environmental circumstances. In this study aflatoxinsB1, B2, G1 and G2 in some species of Aspergillus were investigated. These fungi included A. terreus, A. ustus, A. candidus, A. carneus, A. ostianus, A. auricomus, A. niveus, A. niger, A. fumigates, A. parasiticus, A. caespitosus, A. awamori and A. sclerotiorumthat were grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and aflatoxins thereof were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Pure cultures of the aspergilli were prepared and identified to species, and then each species was cultured for 22 days in 50 ml flask containing PDB at 26 0C, 80% humidity and in darkness, conditions similar to natural habitat. Fungal exudates in the broth cultures were extracted with 10 ml chloroform, the organic solvent was evaporated and the precipitate was dissolved in 3ml methanol. After filtration through 0.2 µm milipore filter, the final solute was injected into HPLC instrument. Maximum amount of aflatoxins was secreted by A. parasiticus while aflatoxin G1 was not produced in A. terreus, A. carneus, A. fumigatus, A. niveus, A. parasiticus, A. caespitosus, A. ostianus and A. niger. As well, A. niveus, A. ostianus, A. niger and A. sclerotiorum did not produce aflatoxin G2. No aflatoxin B2 was detected in A. sclerotiorum and A. carneus and no aflatoxin B1 was detected in A. ostianus. Among the four type of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2), B1 and G1 had respectively the maximum and minimum amount of secreted aflatoxins in A. parasiticus.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aspergillus
  • aflatoxin
  • HPLC
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